END OF THE LINE

References

State of the Seas References
(1) Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Collapse. http://archive.greenpeace.org/comm/cbio/cancod.html.
(2) Defra (2004) United Kingdom Sea Fisheries Statistics 2003.
(3) UNFAO, State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2002.
(4) Clover, C. July 2004, End of the line, Ebury Press.
(5) ICES (2003), Environmental Status of the European Seas.
(6) Montague, P. (NWU), Oceans Without Fish, Environmental Research Foundation, Annapolis MD, USA.
(7) Broad, W.J. Creatures of the Deep Find Their Way to the Table, New York Times, December 26, 1995, pgs. C1, C5.
(8) Pauly, D. et al and others, Fishing Down Marine Food Webs, SCIENCE Vol. 279 (February 6, 1998), pgs. 860-863
(9) Marine Conservation Society, www.fishonline.org/.
(10) OSPAR Commission (2003), Strategies of the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic. Ref 2003-21.
(11) Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP) (2004) Turning the Tide - Addressing the impact of fisheries on the marine environment.
(12) OSPAR (2003), Initial OSPAR list ofThreatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats. Ref: 2003-14.
(13) Memorandum to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans from National Sea Products, 1989, Lunenburg, N.S.
(14) http://www.seafish.org/plate/facts.asp.
(15) Guardian Unlimited March 6, 2006.
(16) Brandt et al, First insights into the biodiversity and biogeography of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Nature, 447, pp307-311.
Fishing Methods References
(1) Clarke, B. (2003) Good Fish Guide. 2nd ed. Marine Conservation Society.
(2) Matters of Scale: Biodiversity Factors. Worldwatch Institute magazine, January/February 2003.
(3) http://fishbull.noaa.gov/992/bul.pdf.
(4) http://www.seafish.org/sea/aquaculture.asp?p=eb140.
(5) http://www.fishonline.org/information/methods/ #explosives_poisons.
Bycatch References
(1) http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-1563.
(2) http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/oceans/bycatch/ bycatch.cfm.
(3) http://www.worldwatch.org/pubs/goodstuff/shrimp/.
(4) Alverson, D.L. et al. (1994) A global assessment of fisheries bycatch. FAO.
(5) Read, A.J., Drinker, P. & Northridge, S. (2005) Bycatches of marine mammals in US fisheries. Cons. Biol. (in press, accepted March 2005).
(6) Reeves, R.R. et al. (2003) Dolphins, whales and porpoises: 2003-2010. Species Survival Commission IUCN.
(7) BBC News Online: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/sci/tech/4329629.stm.
(8) Culik, B.M. (2002) Bonn Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (UNEP/CMS). Review on small cetaceans.
(9) Steve Issac, Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, 13 May 2004.
(10) Clarke, B. (2002) Good fish guide. Marine Conservation Society.
(11) Kaschner, K. (2003) Review of small cetacean bycatch in the ASCOBANS 4th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 4). Doc. 21.
(12) Ross, A. and Isaac, S. (2004) The net effect? A WDCS report for Greenpeace.
(13) http://www.cetaceanbycatch.org/status.cfm.
(14) http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/england/cornwall/3617914.stm.
(15) http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/england/devon/3917569.stm.
(16) http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/oceans/bycatch/ bycatch/beaches.cfm.
(17) http://www.birdlife.net/action/campaigns/ save_the_albatross/index.html.
(18) http://seashepherd.org/longline/longline.html.
(19) The Guardian. SOS for albatross. Wednesday April 27 2005, page 14.
(20) The Times, Thursday, March 29, 2007.
Shellfish References
(1) Defra (2003) United Kingdom Sea Fisheries Statistics 2003. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), Table 3.3.
(2) Total produced from adding together the appropriate data from Yearbooks of Fishery Statistics Summary tables - 2002: http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/statist.asp. Specifically, tables ‘World aquaculture production by species groups - B-1’ and ‘Fish, crustaceans, molluscs, etc. - World capture production - A-1’.
(3) Clarke, B. (2003), Good Fish Guide, 2nd ed. Marine Conservation Society.
(4) The Shellfish Network. Factsheet No. 5 - Shellfish farming.
(5) Currie, A. (2004) Dishing the dirt. Viva!.
(6) Marine Conservation Society (2000) Shellfisheries factsheet.
(7) http://www.shellfishnetwork.org.uk/facts/fact2.html.
(8) http:www.worldwatch.org/pubs/goodstuff/shrimp/.
(9) The Guardian. Did our taste for prawns do this?, June 19, 2003, G2 page 2.
(10) http://www.ejfoundation.org/shrimp/shrimp_seabed.html.
(11) Environmental Justice Foundation (2003) Squandering the seas: How shrimp trawling is threatening ecological integrity and food security around the world.
(12) Hagler, M. (1997) Shrimp: The devastating delicacy, Greenpeace USA.
(13) http://www.worldwatch.org/press/news/2004/01/06/#b3.
(14) http://www.worldwatch.org/press/news/1998/06/18/.
(15) The New Internationalist. Saving the Sea. 1992.
(16) Toms, J. (2004) Shrimp farming: A high price for cheap food, The Vegan, Spring 2004.
Fish Farming References
(1) FAO (2004) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) 2004. FAO, Rome.
(2) RSPB, Public Relations Department, press release, 17 Sept, 2004.
(3) Lymbery, P. (2002) In Too Deep - The Welfare of Intensively Farmed Fish. CIWF.
(4) Currie, A. (2004) Dishing the Dirt - A Secret History of Meat. Viva!.
(5) Staniford, D. (2002) Sea cage fish farming: an evaluation of environmental and public health aspects.
(6) Huntington, T.C. (2004) Feeding the Fish: Sustainable Fish Feed and Scottish Aquaculture. Report to the Joint Marine Programme (Scottish Wildlife Trust and WWF Scotland) and RSPB Scotland
(7) Fisheries Research Service (2003) Scottish fish farms annual production survey 2002.
(8) Ryan, J.C. (2003) Feedlots of the sea, World Watch magazine Sept/Oct 2003, Worldwatch Institute.
(9) Glover, K. A. et al (2004) A comparison of sea louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infection levels in farmed and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) stocks. Aquaculture, 232: 41-52.
(10) Matters of Scale: Factory-fish farming. Worldwatch Institute magazine, September/October 2003.
(11) Pink poison. Daily Mail, December 14, 2002.
(12) http://www.smithandlowney.com/salmon/.
(13) http://www.salmonfarmmonitor.org/questions.shtml#question7.
(14) The Observer, page 16, January 7, 2001.
(15) http://www.salmonfarmmonitor.org/questions.shtm.
(16) Farmed Animal Watch, 25 Jan, 2005 - article 2 Aquaculture growing quickly despite environmental risks, number 4, volume 5.

Do Fish Feel Pain References
(1) Edinburgh August 31, 2003 (BBC) report on study by K Laland et al at St Andrews Univeristy, Edinburgh, Fish and Fisheries journal.
(2) Daily Telegraph online Aug 30, 2005 (story filed October 10, 2004), report on the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society.
(3) Chandroo, K.P. et al. Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 86 (2004) 225-250.
(4) Schwartz, R.H. Do You Eat Fish?, Tikkun, Nov 1998.
(5) Webster, J. Animal Welfare - Limping Towards Eden, Blackwell Science (UK), 2005.
(6) http://www.lobsterlib.com/fascinating.html#hurts.
(7) http://www.lobsterlib.com/canYouKill.html.
(8) Waterman J.J. Processing lobsters. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Torry Research Station, Torry Advisory Note No. 6 (revised).
(9) http://www.shellfishnetwork.org.uk/facts/fact4.html.
(10) http://www.lobsterlib.com/canYouKill.html.
(11) http://www.shellfishnetwork.org.uk/facts/fact4.html.
(12) Cephalopods and decapod crustaceans - their capacity to experience pain and suffering, Advocates for Animals, Edinburgh, 2005.
(13) http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmenvfru/52/52i.pdf (1).

Fish and Health References
(1) Buttriss, J. (1999). n-3 Fatty Acids And Health. p.1. (BNF)
(2) Pereira, C. et al, (2001). The Alpha-Linolenic Acid Content of Green Vegetables Commonly Available in Australia. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res.;71(4):223-228.
(3) Burr, M.L. et al, (1989). Effects of Changes in Fat, Fish and Fibre Intakes on Death and Myocardial Reinfarction: Diet And Reinfarction Trial (DART). The Lancet;8666:757-761.
(4) Ness, A.R. et al, (2002). The Long-Term Effect of Dietary Advice in Men with Coronary Disease: Follow-Up of the Diet and Reinfarction Trial (DART). Europ. J. Clin. Nutr.;56:512-518.
(5) De Lorgeril, M. et al, (1999). Mediterranean Diet, Traditional Risk Factors and the Rate of cardiovascular Complications After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation;99:779-785.
(6) Ornish, D. et al, (1990). Can Lifestyle Changes Reverse Coronary Heart Disease? The Lancet;336:129-133.
(7) Ornish, D. et al, (1998). Intensive Lifestyle Changes for Reversal of Coronary Heart Disease. JAMA;280(23):2001-2007.
(8) Buttriss, J. (1999). n-3 Fatty Acids And Health. p.25. (BNF).
(9) Erasmus, U. (1993). Fats That Heal, Fats That Kill. p.53 (Alive Books).
(10) Kris-Etherton 36 MAFF Food Surveillance Information Sheet No.184 (August 1999): Dioxins and PCBs in UK and Imported Marine Fish.
(11) PM et al, (2002). AHA Scientific Statement: Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation;106:2747-2757.
(12) Corsolini, S. et al, Persistent organic pollutants in edible fish: a human and environmental health problem. Microchemical Journal, Jan 2005, pp 118-223.
(13) Dr Miriam Jacobs, April 7 2004, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (American Chemical Society).
(14) Allen, R. The Dioxin War, Truth and lies about a perfect poison, Pluto Press, London.
(15) Greenpeace Briefing, June 1995, Chlorine Chemicals in Cod Liver Oil: the threat to food and health, Greenpeace UK.
(16) MAFF Food Surveillance Information Sheet No.106 (June 1997): Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish Oil Dietary Supplements and Licensed Medicines.
(17) FSA statement ref: 40/2003, Mercury in imported fish and shellfish, UK farmed fish and their products, July 2003 (see also FSA statement ref: 2003/0330, February 2003).
(18) FSA 26/02, Dioxins and Dioxin-Like PCBs in Fish Oil Supplements.
(19) FSAI, Summary of Investigation of Dioxins, Furans and PCBs in Farmed Salmon, Wild Salmon, Farmed Trout and Fish Oil Capsules, March 2002, available from www.fsai.ie.
(20) Consumers’ Association, Fish - what’s the catch?, Which Magazine, October 2002.
(21) Easton, M.D.L. et al, (2002). Preliminary Examination of Contaminant Loadings in Farmed Salmon, Wild Salmon and Commercial Salmon Feed. Chemosphere;46:1053-1074.
(22) Storelli, M.M. et al, (2002). Total and Methylmercury Residues in Tuna-Fish from the Mediterranean Sea. Food Add. And Contam.;19(8):715-720.
(23) Hightower et al, (2003), Mercury Levels in High-End Consumers of Fish, Environmental Health Perspectives, 111, 4, 604-8.
(24) MAFF, (2000), Duplicate Diet Study of Vegetarians - Dietary exposures to 12 metals and other elements (www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/maffinfo/2000/maff-2000-193).
(25) Salonen, J.T. et al, (1995). Intake of Mercury from Fish, Lipid Peroxidation and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary, Cardiovascular and Any Death in Eastern Finnish Men. Circulation;91:645-655.
(26) F. Cabello et al, Environmental Microbiology, July 2006