CONTENTS

Part One
Introduction
Types of duck
Mallards
Muscovies
Beak trimming - a terrible mutilation
Viva! victory
Wire flooring
Water denied
Parent stock
Artificial insemination
Size of the UK industry
Duck meat – the low fat choice?
Duck egg industry
References (part one)

Part Two
Statistics
Down on the factory farm
Ducks out of water - the cruellest deprivation
Water supply - varying standards
Stocking densities
References (part two)

Part Three
The legal position
The Council of Europe’s Standing Committee of the European Convention for the Protection of Animals Kept for Farming Purposes Concerning Ducks, adopted June 1999
UK/EU law
1999/2000 welfare regulations
UK code of recommendations
References (part three)

Part Four
Breeding ducks
Amount of living space
Life expectancy
Litter management
Behavioural patterns
Food and drink
Sexual patterns
Preening
Parenting
References (part four)

Part Five
Duck exports
Varying farm standards
References (part five)

Part Six
Slaughter
Catching
Levels of suffering
Methods of killing
Dislocation
Sticking
Captive bolt
Electrical stunning
Gas stunning
Stunner failings
Religious slaughter of ducks
Instantaneous Mechanical Destruction: a hidden horror
Plucking
Dry plucking machine
Wax finishing
Wet plucking
References (part six)

Part Seven
Disease patterns
UK diseases
Starvation and injury
Antibiotics
Global diseases
Diseases of intensification
References (part seven)

Part Eight
Duck suppliers
Major supermarkets stocking duck meat
Manor Farm Ducklings
Producers of duck meat
Kerry Foods
Green Label
Cherry Valley
Telmara Farms Ltd
The rescued ducks
The Chinese sector - the overlooked trade in duck meat
Fat food
Mock duck - an alternative
References (part eight)

Part Nine
Global resources
References (part nine)

Part Ten
Viva!’s campaign – Ducks out of Water

Appendix 1

Part Ten

Viva! campaign - Ducks Out of Water

During our long-running campaign to highlight the suffering of factory farmed ducks Viva! investigators have visited almost all the major producers in Britain. In one unit, where we filmed this year, we saw thousands of adorable, yellow fluffy ducklings - but without their mothers to protect them, to teach them how to swim, what to eat, how to preen. In these places no one cares.

Viva! has reinvigorated its national campaign to expose how ducks are reared for meat. Almost all duck meat comes from factory-farmed birds. Our footage shows they are crammed into huge sheds on concrete and given dry pelleted food. These are largely aquatic animals

- they are meant to eat, swim, dive, clean and play in water - and yet they never see it, except in their drinkers.

Viva! Victory

Their beak has a rich supply of nerves and is very sensitive. And yet in factory farms, to stop birds pulling at each other's feathers, the end of their beak was cut off with a hot blade. This process causes extreme pain. Throughout 2000, Viva! vigorously campaigned to end debeaking - and won! We focused our campaign on the six supermarket chains that sold meat from debeaked birds - and one by one they agreed to stop debeaking ducks. In addition, Harrods withdrew all its factory farmed duck meat due to 'Viva!'s well researched campaign'.

The campaign today In 2004, Viva! won a major victory when Marks & Spencer announced they would clear their shelves of factory-farmed whole duck after we exposed the conditions at their supplier.

However, the campaign continues. Viva!'s aim to end the factory farming for ducks is more urgent now than it ever has been. In the UK, in 2004, 18 million ducks were slaughtered - nearly all of them raised in intensive units. Yet most people still do not know that ducks are factory farmed.

Viva! has had meetings with nearly all the major supermarket chains, including Marks & Spencer, the Co-op, Sainsbury's and Asda, to discuss their plans for improving the welfare of ducks raised for meat in the UK.

In 2005, Viva! exposed the conditions at the duck meat suppliers of the Co-op, and with over 200 regional demos demanded that this store - which prides itself on its ethics - clears its shelves of factory-farmed duck meat.

Duck farming must be stopped. No one has exposed the horrors of duck farming or slaughter before Viva!'s campaign - and we will continue to do so.


Viva! Vegetarians International Voice for Animals
8 York Court, Wilder Street, Bristol BS2 8QH, UK
T: 0117 944 1000 F: 0117 924 4646 E: info@viva.org.uk